Regarding the definitional criterion, if an individual writes an essay and includes, without attribution, significant sections of an article published previously by someone else, this could constitute Misconduct. The first criterion has been met.
定义性标准是说被告发的行为，如果属实，是否构成学术不端。因为抄袭确实属于学术不端，所以这个告发满足定义性标准。
版主应该要求MSU澄清一下。
Protecting the Respondent
As requested and as appropriate, the Institution will make all reasonable and practical efforts to protect or restore the reputation of persons alleged to have engaged in research misconduct, but against whom no finding of research misconduct is made.
这点很重要。